有一句关于人生态度的话流毒甚广，频繁出现在电视剧里和明星嘴边：做人最重要的是要开心。追求快乐可能是人生中最为沉重的负担，基本上不可能达成。因为快乐的”快”字已经道明了一切，它既是畅快的快，也是快速的快。快乐的本质就是易变和暂时的，除了傻子，没有人能够随时感觉快乐。但是当人人都把快乐奉为人生圭臬时，就解释了我们这个时代何以有那么多人感觉抑郁。没有什么比不可能完成的任务更让人郁闷的了，你觉得自己应该如此，但是永远也做不到，最终会让自己产生愧疚，归结为自己有什么问题。这样看起来，追求快乐的人生态度倒更像是让所有人被快乐奴役和绑架了。

格雷戈里.伯恩斯博士及时送上了解毒剂，他的《好满足》一书试图解放所有的快乐热衷人士。在这本书里，他明确地提出了自己的观点：不当快乐的奴隶，要做满足的主人。伯恩斯用一位精神病学家和行为科学家的严谨方式，道出了人生的真相：我们不可能永远快乐下去，但是我们可以寻求满足，拥有值得一过的人生。用满足替代快乐，这样的人生反而更为丰富而有意义。

这本书首先从摧毁快乐入手，调出了1978年美国社会学家菲利普.布里克曼的著名心理学实验。布里克曼追踪了大量中彩票的幸运儿和遭遇事故而四肢残缺或者半身不遂的倒霉蛋，根据他们遭遇人生中的大彩之后的快乐程度，发现了一个惊人的结论：一个人快乐与否，和是否中大奖或者是否残障没有任何关系。如果你生就一副倒霉苦瓜相，中了一亿美金大奖之后，你还是个悲观的家伙。如果你从来就是个没心没肺的乐天派，那么坐在轮椅上你还是会继续大笑。人们总是觉得因为外部条件限制了一个人获取快乐的可能，这项研究在31年前就给出了否定的答案。你有一万块的时候不快乐，得到一亿之后也不会快乐。快乐，基本上是追求不到的。

伯恩斯随后在生理学层面分析了快乐是什么，在科学家的眼中，快乐只是大脑中一种化学物质—多巴胺的多少。追求快乐，就是追求多巴胺带来的快感，这和吸毒没有什么不同。快乐之后就是空虚，然后人就不得不要求更多快乐来填补，最终的结果一定是不快乐。有鉴于此，伯恩斯认为应该用满足感替换快乐，同样是刺激脑部产生更多的多巴胺，但是满足感却更为恒定持久，而且让人生变得不同。

为什么有人会沉浸在繁难的工作中却乐此不疲？为什么每期报纸上的填字游戏会让人欲罢不能？这些事情说不上快乐，但是其中的一点点进展都会让人产生巨大的满足感，感觉到有那么一刻人生充盈无比。《好满足》一书解释说，满足感来源于新奇。人的大脑偏好新奇的事物，因此会释放更多多巴胺和肾上腺皮质醇，于是人就会感觉到满足。与其不断追求快乐，不如追求新奇，不断接受新鲜刺激，从中获得可靠而稳定的满足感。

快乐是一种情绪，而满足感来源于行动。快乐会随时间消散，但是满足感却因为行动而得到强化。这世界空无一物，但是你的行动给它赋予了意义。旅游、读书、交谈、吃饭，这些都是行动，它们会带来各种新鲜的体验，使你的内心变得丰饶，让你的一刻人生有了意义。快乐很难分享，对方难免充满妒意，但是满足感却是一种共同的人生经验，可供彼此交换。同时，它通过身体作用于你的心灵，改变了你看待世界的角度和眼光。如果你以追寻满足感为己任，那么用这种眼光你在这世上永远不至于缺乏可以观察和体验的对象。一旦开始，世界就会在你面前次第打开无数大门，等待你去无尽地探索和发现。它不随时光和年岁的流逝而改变，反而会在流光中越来越强烈，甚至能让爱情在漫长的婚姻之后依然存活。

与其空洞无物地呐喊”做人最重要的是要开心”，不如立即动起来去拥抱这世界上一切新奇之物，履足一切陌生之所。如果度过快乐的一生是难以企及的目标，那么就应该努力让生命变得丰盈。站在珠穆朗玛峰顶，席卷你全身心的强烈感触很难说是快乐。你抵达别人未曾抵达之地，目睹别人不曾目睹的风景，哪怕第二天你一无所有也能发自内心的微笑。因为你曾如此过活，你就会如此满足。

以下全文是奥巴马赢得选举胜利后的演讲稿全文，在实际的演说过程中，并没有完全按照这份讲稿进行，奥巴马扩充了中间致谢部分的内容。在西方，演讲作为一种专门的课程被教授给学生，尤其是政治家们在年轻时代就娴熟地掌握了这一技巧。其中美国总统的就职演说有许多经典名篇，例如大家耳熟能详的肯尼迪总统和他的“不要问国家为你做了什么，而要问你为国家做了什么。”奥巴马尚未就职，这篇演讲是在他选举获胜后对芝加哥民众发表的演说。

在演讲的第一部分，奥巴马强调了他在法统上的合法性，通过一系列排比句暗示他是由无数美国民众发自内心地采取民主方式选举出来的总统。第二部分在感谢相关人士之后，奥巴马再次重申了美国精神，向民众做出了他的承诺。并号召人民和他一起并肩克难，实施变革，振兴美国。在演说的第三部分，异常巧妙地转换了表述的视角，通过讲述一个106岁的普通黑人妇女库波尔的一生，把美国历史上的危急时刻串联起来，让人民深受感动的同时又不觉得和奥巴马有所疏远，是全篇演讲最精彩的部分。最后，奥巴马重提美国梦，并把美国梦和他本人叠合，彻底完成对个人的渲染和身份的转化，几近神格。

通篇演讲中，奥巴马始终采用和人民对话的口吻，释放出强力的召唤信号，把焦点集中在美国内政之上，鼓舞民心士气，呼吁人民团结一致。同时，值得注意的是，他也非常巧妙地回避了军事外交等他不擅长的领域，只是蜻蜓点水而过，复又把演说重心移回美国国内问题。

我不知道中文翻译者是谁，但是，这个译本是昨天我所见到最完善的一个。把它张贴出来，和大家分享。需要说明的是，我在其中修改了一两处细微的地方，希望不至于影响到诸位的阅读体验。

《Change Has Come To America》
《美国的变革时代已经到来》

Hello, Chicago.
芝加哥的市民们，你们好！

If there is anyone out there who still doubts that America is a place where all things are possible; who still wonders if the dream of our founders is alive in our time; who still questions the power of our democracy, tonight is your answer.It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen; by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the very first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different; that their voice could be that difference.
如果还有人对在美国是否凡事皆有可能这一点存疑，还有人怀疑美国奠基者的梦想在我们所处的时代是否依然鲜活，还有人质疑我们的民主制度的力量，那么今晚，这些问题都有了答案。这是设在学校和教堂的投票站前排起的前所未见的长队给出的答案；是等了三四个小时的选民所给出的答案，其中许多人都是有生以来第一次投票，因为他们认定这一次肯定会不一样，认为自己的声音会是这次大选有别于以往之所在。

It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Latino, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled – Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been a collection of Red States and Blue States: we are, and always will be, the United States of America.
这是所有美国人民共同给出的答案－－无论老少贫富，无论是民主党还是共和党，无论是黑人、白人、拉美裔、亚裔、原住民，是同性恋者还是异性恋者、残疾人还是健全人－－我们从来不是“红州”和“蓝州”的对立阵营，我们是美利坚合众国这个整体，永远都是。

It’s the answer that led those who have been told for so long by so many to be cynical, and fearful, and doubtful of what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day.
长久以来，很多人一再受到告诫，要对我们所能取得的成绩极尽讽刺、担忧和怀疑之能事，但这个答案让这些人伸出手来把握历史，再次让它朝向美好明天的希望延伸。

It’s been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this day, in this election, at this defining moment, change has come to America.
已经过去了这么长时间，但今晚，由于我们在今天、在这场大选中、在这个具有决定性的时刻所做的，美国已经迎来了变革。

I just received a very gracious call from Senator McCain. He fought long and hard in this campaign, and he’s fought even longer and harder for the country he loves. He has endured sacrifices for America that most of us cannot begin to imagine, and we are better off for the service rendered by this brave and selfless leader. I congratulate him and Governor Palin for all they have achieved, and I look forward to working with them to renew this nation’s promise in the months ahead.
我刚刚接到了麦凯恩参议员极具风度的致电。他在这场大选中经过了长时间的努力奋斗，而他为自己所深爱的这个国家奋斗的时间更长、过程更艰辛。他为美国做出了我们大多数人难以想像的牺牲，我们的生活也因这位勇敢无私的领袖所做出的贡献而变得更美好。我向他和佩林州长所取得的成绩表示祝贺，我也期待着与他们一起在未来的岁月中为复兴这个国家的希望而共同努力。

I want to thank my partner in this journey, a man who campaigned from his heart and spoke for the men and women he grew up with on the streets of Scranton and rode with on that train home to Delaware, the Vice President-elect of the United States, Joe Biden.
我要感谢我在这次旅程中的伙伴－－已当选美国副总统的拜登。他全心参与竞选活动，为普通民众代言，他们是他在斯克兰顿从小到大的伙伴，也是在他回特拉华的火车上遇到的男男女女。

I would not be standing here tonight without the unyielding support of my best friend for the last sixteen years, the rock of our family and the love of my life, our nation’s next First Lady, Michelle Obama. Sasha and Malia, I love you both so much, and you have earned the new puppy that’s coming with us to the White House. And while she’s no longer with us, I know my grandmother is watching, along with the family that made me who I am. I miss them tonight, and know that my debt to them is beyond measure.
如果没有一个人的坚决支持，我今晚就不会站在这里，她是我过去16年来最好的朋友、是我们一家人的中坚和我一生的挚爱，更是我们国家的下一位第一夫人：米歇尔•奥巴马(Michelle Obama)。萨莎(Sasha)和玛丽亚(Malia)，我太爱你们两个了，你们已经得到了一条新的小狗，它将与我们一起入驻白宫。虽然我的外祖母已经不在了，但我知道她与我的亲人肯定都在看着我，因为他们，我才能拥有今天的成就。今晚，我想念他们，我知道自己欠他们的无可计量。

To my campaign manager David Plouffe, my chief strategist David Axelrod, and the best campaign team ever assembled in the history of politics – you made this happen, and I am forever grateful for what you’ve sacrificed to get it done.
我的竞选经理大卫•普劳夫(David Plouffe)、首席策略师大卫•艾克斯罗德(David Axelrod)以及政治史上最好的竞选团队－－是你们成就了今天，我永远感激你们为实现今天的成就所做出的牺牲。

But above all, I will never forget who this victory truly belongs to – it belongs to you.
但最重要的是，我永远不会忘记这场胜利真正的归属－－它属于你们。

I was never the likeliest candidate for this office. We didn’t start with much money or many endorsements. Our campaign was not hatched in the halls of Washington – it began in the backyards of Des Moines and the living rooms of Concord and the front porches of Charleston.
我从来不是最有希望的候选人。一开始，我们没有太多资金，也没有得到太多人的支持。我们的竞选活动并非诞生于华盛顿的高门华第之内，而是始于得梅因、康科德、查尔斯顿这些地方的普通民众家中。

It was built by working men and women who dug into what little savings they had to give five dollars and ten dollars and twenty dollars to this cause. It grew strength from the young people who rejected the myth of their generation’s apathy; who left their homes and their families for jobs that offered little pay and less sleep; from the not-so-young people who braved the bitter cold and scorching heat to knock on the doors of perfect strangers; from the millions of Americans who volunteered, and organized, and proved that more than two centuries later, a government of the people, by the people and for the people has not perished from this Earth. This is your victory.
我们的竞选活动能有今天的规模，是因为辛勤工作的人们从自己的微薄积蓄中拿出钱来，捐出一笔又一笔5美元、10美元、20美元。而竞选活动的声势越来越大则是源自那些年轻人，他们拒绝接受认为他们这代人冷漠的荒诞说法；他们离开家、离开亲人，从事报酬微薄、极其辛苦的工作；同时也源自那些已经不算年轻的人们，他们冒着严寒酷暑，敲开陌生人的家门进行竞选宣传；更源自数百万的美国民众，他们自动自发地组织起来，证明了在两百多年以后，民有、民治、民享的政府并未从地球上消失。这是你们的胜利。

I know you didn’t do this just to win an election and I know you didn’t do it for me. You did it because you understand the enormity of the task that lies ahead. For even as we celebrate tonight, we know the challenges that tomorrow will bring are the greatest of our lifetime – two wars, a planet in peril, the worst financial crisis in a century. Even as we stand here tonight, we know there are brave Americans waking up in the deserts of Iraq and the mountains of Afghanistan to risk their lives for us. There are mothers and fathers who will lie awake after their children fall asleep and wonder how they’ll make the mortgage, or pay their doctor’s bills, or save enough for college. There is new energy to harness and new jobs to be created; new schools to build and threats to meet and alliances to repair.
我知道你们的所做所为并不只是为了赢得大选，我也知道你们做这一切并不是为了我。你们这样做是因为你们明白摆在面前的任务有多艰巨。因为即便我们今晚欢呼庆祝，我们也知道明天将面临我们一生之中最为艰巨的挑战—两场战争、一个面临危险的星球，还有百年来最严重的金融危机。今晚站在此地，我们知道伊拉克的沙漠里和阿富汗的群山中还有勇敢的美国士兵醒来，甘冒生命危险保护着我们。会有在孩子熟睡后仍难以入眠的父母，担心如何偿还按揭月供、付医药费或是存够钱送孩子上大学。我们亟待开发新能源、创造新的工作机会；我们需要修建新学校，还要应对众多威胁、修复与许多盟国的关系。

The road ahead will be long. Our climb will be steep. We may not get there in one year or even one term, but America – I have never been more hopeful than I am tonight that we will get there. I promise you – we as a people will get there.
前方的道路会十分漫长艰辛。我们可能无法在一年甚至一届任期之内实现上述目标，但我从未像今晚这样满怀希望，相信我们会实现。我向你们承诺—我们作为一个整体将会达成目标。

There will be setbacks and false starts. There are many who won’t agree with every decision or policy I make as President, and we know that government can’t solve every problem. But I will always be honest with you about the challenges we face. I will listen to you, especially when we disagree. And above all, I will ask you join in the work of remaking this nation the only way it’s been done in America for two-hundred and twenty-one years – block by block, brick by brick, calloused hand by calloused hand.
我们会遭遇挫折和不成功的开端。对于我作为总统所做的每项决定和政策，会有许多人持有异议，我们也知道政府并不能解决所有问题。但我会向你们坦陈我们所面临的挑战。我会聆听你们的意见，尤其是在我们意见相左之时。最重要的是，我会请求你们参与重建这个国家，以美国221年来从未改变的唯一方式—一砖一瓦而成、胼手胝足相续。

What began twenty-one months ago in the depths of winter must not end on this autumn night. This victory alone is not the change we seek – it is only the chance for us to make that change. And that cannot happen if we go back to the way things were. It cannot happen without you.
21个月前那个寒冬所开始的一切不应该在今天这个秋夜结束。今天的选举胜利并不是我们所寻求的改变—这只是我们进行改变的机会。而且如果我们仍然按照旧有方式行事，我们所寻求的改变不可能出现。没有你们，也不可能有这种改变。

So let us summon a new spirit of patriotism; of service and responsibility where each of us resolves to pitch in and work harder and look after not only ourselves, but each other. Let us remember that if this financial crisis taught us anything, it’s that we cannot have a thriving Wall Street while Main Street suffers – in this country, we rise or fall as one nation; as one people.
因此，让我们发扬新的爱国精神，树立新的服务意识和责任感，让我们每个人下定决心全情投入、更加努力地工作，并彼此关爱。让我们铭记这场金融危机带来的教训：我们不可能在金融以外的领域备受煎熬的同时拥有繁荣兴旺的华尔街—在这个国家，我们患难与共。

Let us resist the temptation to fall back on the same partisanship and pettiness and immaturity that has poisoned our politics for so long. Let us remember that it was a man from this state who first carried the banner of the Republican Party to the White House – a party founded on the values of self-reliance, individual liberty, and national unity. Those are values we all share, and while the Democratic Party has won a great victory tonight, we do so with a measure of humility and determination to heal the divides that have held back our progress. As Lincoln said to a nation far more divided than ours, “We are not enemies, but friends…though passion may have strained it must not break our bonds of affection.” And to those Americans whose support I have yet to earn – I may not have won your vote, but I hear your voices, I need your help, and I will be your President too.
让我们抵制重走老路的诱惑，避免重新回到令美国政治长期深受毒害的党派纷争和由此引发的遗憾和不成熟表现。让我们牢记，正是伊利诺伊州的一名男子首次将共和党的大旗扛到了白宫。共和党是建立在自强自立、个人自由以及全民团结的价值观上，这也是我们所有人都珍视的价值。虽然民主党今天晚上赢得了巨大的胜利，但我们是以谦卑的态度和弥合阻碍我们进步的分歧的决心赢得这场胜利的。林肯在向远比我们眼下分歧更大的国家发表讲话时说，我们不是敌人，而是朋友……虽然激情可能褪去，但是这不会割断我们感情上的联系。对于那些现在并不支持我的美国人，我想说，或许我没有赢得你们的选票，但是我听到了你们的声音，我需要你们的帮助，而且我也将是你们的总统。

And to all those watching tonight from beyond our shores, from parliaments and palaces to those who are huddled around radios in the forgotten corners of our world – our stories are singular, but our destiny is shared, and a new dawn of American leadership is at hand. To those who would tear this world down – we will defeat you. To those who seek peace and security – we support you. And to all those who have wondered if America’s beacon still burns as bright – tonight we proved once more that the true strength of our nation comes not from our the might of our arms or the scale of our wealth, but from the enduring power of our ideals: democracy, liberty, opportunity, and unyielding hope.
那些彻夜关注美国大选的海外人士，从国会到皇宫，以及在这个世界被遗忘的角落里挤在收音机旁的人们，我们的经历虽然各有不同，但是我们的命运是相通的，新的美国领袖诞生了。那些想要颠覆这个世界的人们，我们必将击败你们。那些追求和平和安全的人们，我们支持你们。那些所有怀疑美国能否继续照亮世界发展前景的人们，今天晚上我们再次证明，我们国家真正的力量并非来自我们武器的威力或财富的规模，而是来自我们理想的持久力量：民主、自由、机会和不屈的希望。

For that is the true genius of America – that America can change. Our union can be perfected. And what we have already achieved gives us hope for what we can and must achieve tomorrow.
这才是美国真正的精华—美国能够改变。我们的联邦会日臻完善。我们取得的成就为我们将来能够取得的以及必须取得的成就增添了希望。

This election had many firsts and many stories that will be told for generations. But one that’s on my mind tonight is about a woman who cast her ballot in Atlanta. She’s a lot like the millions of others who stood in line to make their voice heard in this election except for one thing – Ann Nixon Cooper is 106 years old.
这次大选创造了多项“第一”，也诞生了很多将世代流传的故事。但是今天晚上令我难忘的却是在亚特兰大投票的一名妇女：安•尼克松•库波尔(Ann Nixon Cooper)。她和其他数百万排队等待投票的选民没有什么差别，除了一点：她已是106岁的高龄。

She was born just a generation past slavery; a time when there were no cars on the road or planes in the sky; when someone like her couldn’t vote for two reasons – because she was a woman and because of the color of her skin.
她出生的那个时代奴隶制度刚刚结束；那时路上没有汽车，天上也没有飞机；当时像她这样的人由于两个原因不能投票－－一是她是女性，另一个原因是她的肤色。

And tonight, I think about all that she’s seen throughout her century in America – the heartache and the hope; the struggle and the progress; the times we were told that we can’t, and the people who pressed on with that American creed: Yes we can.
今天晚上，我想到了她在美国过去一百年间所经历的种种：心痛和希望；挣扎和进步；那些我们被告知我们办不到的世代，以及那些坚信美国信条—是的，我们能做到—的人们。

At a time when women’s voices were silenced and their hopes dismissed, she lived to see them stand up and speak out and reach for the ballot. Yes we can.
曾几何时，妇女没有发言权，她们的希望化作泡影，但是安•尼克松•库波尔活了下来，看到妇女们站了起来，看到她们大声发表自己的见解，看到她们去参加大选投票。是的，我们能做到。

When there was despair in the dust bowl and depression across the land, she saw a nation conquer fear itself with a New Deal, new jobs and a new sense of common purpose. Yes we can.
当30年代的沙尘暴和大萧条引发人们的绝望之情时，她看到一个国家用罗斯福新政、新就业机会以及对新目标的共同追求战胜恐慌。是的，我们能做到。

When the bombs fell on our harbor and tyranny threatened the world, she was there to witness a generation rise to greatness and a democracy was saved. Yes we can.
当炸弹袭击了我们的海港、独裁专制威胁到全世界，她见证了美国一代人的伟大崛起，见证了一个民主国家被拯救。是的，我们能做到。

She was there for the buses in Montgomery, the hoses in Birmingham, a bridge in Selma, and a preacher from Atlanta who told a people that “We Shall Overcome.” Yes we can.
她看到蒙哥马利通了公共汽车、伯明翰接上了水管、塞尔马建了桥，一位来自亚特兰大的传教士告诉人们：我们能成功。是的，我们能做到。她看到蒙哥马利市公车上坚韧不拔的抗争，在伯明翰市水枪下苦苦支持的抗议群众，在塞尔马市那座桥边民权斗士们的斑斑血迹，她也听见了那位来自亚特兰大的传教士—马丁.路德金博士—曾告诉人民说：我们终将克难成功。是的，我们能做到。

A man touched down on the moon, a wall came down in Berlin, a world was connected by our own science and imagination. And this year, in this election, she touched her finger to a screen, and cast her vote, because after 106 years in America, through the best of times and the darkest of hours, she knows how America can change. Yes we can.
人类登上月球、柏林墙倒下，世界因我们的科学和想像被连接在一起。今年，就在这次选举中，她用手指触碰屏幕投下自己的选票，因为在美国生活了106年之后，经历了最好的时光和最黑暗的时刻之后，她知道美国如何能够发生变革。是的，我们能做到。

America, we have come so far. We have seen so much. But there is so much more to do. So tonight, let us ask ourselves – if our children should live to see the next century; if my daughters should be so lucky to live as long as Ann Nixon Cooper, what change will they see? What progress will we have made?
美国，我们已经走过漫漫长路。我们已经历了很多。但是我们仍有很多事情要做。因此今夜，让我们自问—如果我们的孩子能够活到下个世纪；如果我们的女儿有幸活得和安一样长，他们将会看到怎样的改变？我们将会取得怎样的进步？

This is our chance to answer that call. This is our moment. This is our time – to put our people back to work and open doors of opportunity for our kids; to restore prosperity and promote the cause of peace; to reclaim the American Dream and reaffirm that fundamental truth – that out of many, we are one; that while we breathe, we hope, and where we are met with cynicism, and doubt, and those who tell us that we can’t, we will respond with that timeless creed that sums up the spirit of a people:Yes We Can.
现在是我们回答这个问题的机会。这是我们的时刻。这是我们的时代—让我们的人民重新就业，为我们的后代敞开机会的大门；恢复繁荣发展，推进和平事业；让“美国梦”重新焕发光芒，再次证明这样一个基本的真理：我们是一家人；一息尚存，我们就有希望；当我们遇到嘲讽和怀疑，当有人说我们办不到的时候，我们要以这个永恒的信条来回应他们：是的，我们能做到。

Thank you, God bless you, and may God Bless the United States of America.
感谢你们。上帝保佑你们。愿上帝保佑美利坚合众国。

奥巴马演讲注释